National football league Essay Example for Free

National football league Essay 1 Is my title and introduction enticing? My title and introduction are enticing because it tells how the game of football became one of the greatest sports. 2 Is my thesis effective? Yes my thesis is effective because it details the important timeline of the critical changes to the sport. 3 Have I included enough details so the reader can visualize my experience? Readers can visualize my experience through my details. 4 Are the events presented in a logical sequence? All of my events are in logical order. 5 Have I used transitions to help the sequence of events flow smoothly? My transitions help the sequence of my essay flow smoothly with dates. 6 Have I used dialogue (if appropriate)? No 7 Have I used a consistent point of view and verb tense? I have used a consistent point of view and verb tense. 8 Is the point of my narrative evident? The point of my narrative is very clear and concise. 9 Have I ended the story satisfactorily? I ended my essay satisfactorily. 10 Have I proofread thoroughly? My narrative was proofread thoroughly by me and my roommate. Kelvin Hall Professor Ross HALL 2 ENG 101 30 September 2012 The History of Football. Before the 19th century, football was just known as a ball game played on foot; now it is a very competitive sport evolved over time to become one of the greatest sports ever played. This game had many versions with different rules according to which team you played. For instance, if you played Yale University their rules would be different than if you played Princeton. The first ever soccer-football game was played using the London Football Association rules. These were the rules that most teams followed until a coach from Yale University would write the first rules for American football. Walter Camp became known as forefather of football. From 1880-1883, he single handily reconstructed the game of football by restructuring the size of the field, position and numbers of the players, and the handling of the ball. He would use rules from both soccer and rugby to format the written rules. The number of players from each team on the field decreased from fifteen to eleven. The positions included seven lineman, two halfbacks, one fullback, and one quarterback. Prior to this adjustment there was utter confusion on the field. The size of the field dwindled as well. The players started using formations to line up on the field. He adjusted the scoring system by increasing the value of a touchdown to six points from five points and reducing the field goal to four points from five which today is only three points. Until his death in 1925, he would edit every American football rule book. The first professional football game was played between the Dayton Triangles and the Columbus Panhandles in 1920 under the American Professional Football Conference. It was not HALL 3 until 1922 that it became the National Football League as we know it to be today. It only included eighteen teams then but now has thirty-two. A new football league was formed in 1959 titled the American Football League. In 1962, the AFL filed suit against the NFL accusing them of monopoly and conspiracy. This legal matter went on for over two years before resolution. The championship game between the Baltimore Colts and the New York Giants on December 28, 1958 was considered to be the greatest game ever played according to the NFL. It was the first game to go to sudden death overtime in history with a one yard touchdown run by  Alan Ameche. In 1966, both leagues agreed to play an annual AFL-NFL championship game. The first super bowl which was known as the AFL-NFL championship game was played between the Green Bay Packers and the Kansas City Chiefs in 1967. This game was won by the Green Bay Packers; making them the first team in NFL history to win a super bowl which would be won again by them the following year. In 1970, Congress approved the two leagues merged to form one league with two conferences (National Football Conference and American Football Conference). To date, there are four NFL teams that have never made it to the super bowl and nine teams who have made it but have never won. The NFL has transformed tremendously since 1869. It has produced some of the greatest athletes in the world. The Pro Football Hall of Fame (currently having 273 members) was dedicated in Canton, OH on September 7, 1963. The super bowl is still the most watched televised program in history. Without Walter Camp and his contributions to the American football game; this game might still be considered just a game played on foot. HALL 4 Works Cited Hoffer, Richard. The First Super Bowl. Sports Illustrated 116. 5 (2012): 46-53. SPORT Discus with Full Text. Web. 21 Sept. 2012. HALL 5 Guttmann, A. (2006). Civilized Mayhem: Origins and Early Development of American Football. Sport in Society, 9(4), 533-541. College Football: History, Spectacle, Controversy. Coach and Athletic Director 71. 1 (2001): 62-. Pro Quest Research Library. PROQUESTMS. 26 Sep. 2012 Peterson, Robert W. (Pigskin: The Early Years of Pro Football. ) Cary, NC, USA: Oxford University Press, 1997.

code of conducts :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  GUARDIAN AD LITEM CODE OF CONDUCT The Guardian ad Litem shall: 1. maintain high standards of conduct in carrying out his or her duties and obligations; 2. diligently represent and be guided solely by the best interests of the child; 3. report honestly and impartially to the court on what is in the best interests of the child; 4. respect the privacy of the child and family; 5. hold confidential all information obtained in the course of service as a guardian ad litem, as required by law and these Standards; 6. decline appointment, withdraw, or request assistance when the volunteer recognizes that he or she may not have the time or ability to effectively advocate for a child; 7. affirmatively advise the Program if he or she is charged with or convicted of a criminal offense, or becomes involved in any other court proceeding, as this may cause a conflict of interest or adversely affect the guardian ad litem’s ability to effectively advocate for a child; 8. report any new incident of child abuse or neglect to his or her supervisor and the abuse hotline; 9. comply with local circuit Program policies; 10. notify the Program director if the guardian ad litem or any member of the guardian ad litem’s immediate family becomes involved in a case with allegations of child abuse or neglect; 11. discuss all recommendations concerning the case with Program staff prior to submitting recommendations to the court; 12. obtain review/approval from Program staff before submitting any document to the court or other parties; 13. monitor the child regularly pursuant to any policies established by the local Program; 14. return identification cards and all case files and related materials to the Program office upon discharge from the case or dismissal from the Program; 15. discuss case progress and guardian ad litem activity at least every sixty (60) days with Program staff and regularly submit case activity sheets; and 16. complete six hours of inservice training annually. Guardian ad Litem staff and volunteers shall not: 1. take action which: a. endangers the child, a party, a witness or other person; b. is outside the powers or role of the guardian ad litem; or c. Violates state or local law, court rule, Program policy or court or Program procedure; 2. contravene staff or court direction; 3. repeatedly or significantly fail to perform a responsibility as a guardian ad litem; 4. falsify or fail to disclose information on the guardian ad litem application form, misrepresent facts during the screening interview or commit an act which results in a substantial alteration of the individual’s qualifications to serve in the GAL Program;

Environmental Science I Syllabus

Respect the learning and safety of others: Be punctual. Be safe. Be thoughtful. Exploration of science through trial and error and testing hypotheses will be fostered in this class, so an environment of respect and safety is key. Treat others the way you want to be treated, with thoughtfulness and courtesy. Be prompt: early or on time. No one's time is more important that the next person. We must use the time we have to learn together wisely. Respect every member of the classroom's personal space, belongings, and ideas. All students are to take care of the materials and lab environment created in our class.Leave it as it was when you got there or in better condition. Derogatory comments (including profanity) will not be tolerated. Science is learned through experiment, so you will be taught and tested over the safety of our science lab space, to ensure safety. You are expected to follow these science lab procedures and policies. O Note: Due to safety considerations, all bags and belo ngings will be placed in the teacher-designated area. This will be strictly enforced for our safety. 2. Strive for excellence each day. Be prepared. Be engaged. Be responsible. Do your best! Perfection is not attainable, but if we chase perfection we can catch excellence. † Vince Lombardi Everyone must be prepared, so we do not waste time. Have your all your materials for class with you in your seat when the bell rings. Actively participate and engage in class activities and discussions. Always do your best work. I expect quality in every assignment, no matter how small or large. Students are responsible for assignment due dates, Late Work Policy, and Make-up Work Policy on next page. Students are expected to follow all Little Rock School District policies, which are See Ms.Thompson Rituals and Procedures document for specific daily classroom rituals. Consequences for Poor Decisions: All decisions in life have equal consequences. Below are the disciplinary steps taken if you c hoose to not follow the classroom expectations, rituals, and procedures. 1. Verbal Warning 2. Parent Phone Call 3. Referral to Assistant Principal 4. Referral with SIS Recommendation 5. Referral with ZOOS Recommendation & Parent Conference The teacher reserves the right to send any student out of the classroom or to the office on referral for extremely disruptive, inappropriate, or severe behavior.Under no circumstance should the teacher have to ask a student to leave the classroom more than once. Absences and Make-up Work: All absent students will be allowed to make up work. This is the responsibility of the student, not the teacher. The student is responsible for work assigned prior to his or her absence. Announced deadlines for long-term assignments, projects, and/or research papers must be honored regardless of attendance. Family emergencies are the only exception to this rule. Tests must be made up the day of your return to lass. See the USSR regarding this policy.Students will need to retrieve their make- up work from a responsible classmate and our online Gaggle classroom where all assignments and notes are posted. Late Work: Any minor assignment can be turned in within one day of the original due date for half credit. It will not be accepted after that time. You are expected to meet all class deadlines. Students must sign the â€Å"Late Work† log if they fail to meet the announced deadline. Food and Drink: Students are allowed to have drinks with lids. However, this is a privilege that will be lab days. Communication and Extra Help:I want you to succeed, and I believe that you can. If you ever meet an obstacle on your path to success, please feel free to visit for extra help in the morning before school or after school. I am always available by email (Meghan. [email  protected] Org) to assist you or your parents however I can. Please do not wait until the end of the nine weeks to seek help if you are having trouble. This will be too late to ge t you back on track to succeed. Deadline is a great way for both your family and you to keep up with your grades, use it frequently. Let's work together to make it the best year we can!

Reading Report Invisible Man - 986 Words

Fort Worth Academy of Fine Arts Summer 2015 High School Reading Report Form Type your notes where the lines are on this form. These â€Å"lines† are just placeholders. Remove them from your final submission. Make your comments as long as you need, but be sure to be thorough, as longer, more thoughtful answers will be given higher marks than shorter answers that lack effort. Take care to use your own words. You must submit this on turnitin.com prior to the first day of school. The account will lock you out at 11:59PM prior to the First Day of School (August 24, 2015). This is not a â€Å"research† paper; any quotes will be from the novel and will be clearly marked by quotation marks. Remember to ATQA—Answer The Question Asked! You are making the first impression of the school year on your teacher. Book Title: Invisible Man Author: Ralph Ellison Category/Genre: Fiction (fiction/historical fiction/science fiction/non-fiction) Setting (time, place, and historica l context): This novel is set in the late 1920’s. It takes place mostly in the south for the first half of the book, and then brings the reader to a named town called Harlem in the 1930’s. Point of View (1st person/ 3rd person limited/3rd person omniscient): The story is told in 1st person by our protagonist, the narrator. Characters At least 3 (name, physical description, and role in the story line): 1. TheShow MoreRelatedInvisible Man By Ralph Ellison1668 Words   |  7 Pagesinitial surface reading of page 158 of Ralph Ellison’s 1952 novel Invisible Man, one could be lead to believe that it was simply a crowded subway and Invisible Man was simply pressed up against a lady who does not take good care of herself. However, if one were to read this much more closely and actually figure out the context presented in this passage, one could see that Invisible Man is being held against his will by circumstances surrounding his race (African-American). Reading this passage inRead MoreLiterature And The English Literature Essay1537 Words   |  7 Pageselements, which causes not only the students that are required to read said literature; but those who appreciate the true authenticity of a well written novel or short-story, to truly appreciate the purpose and importance of it all. When you are reading a novel can you easily depict who the author has designed to be the protagonist or the antagonist? Can you accurately describe the setting or tone of the story or poem? Do you easily fall in love with the narrator or speaker of every book or poemRead MoreEssay Blakes Use Symbolism1243 Words   |  5 Pagesthe poem even though the action involves a more active being interacting with it. 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This fact makes it difficult to discount the allegations of inequality between men and women in the workplace, and proves that the effectsRead MoreLiterature Be Banned1227 Words   |  5 Pagescontent of them. If a book consists of offensive or sexually explicit material, then parents would report to the schools about them in order to prevent their children from reading them. For example, the Menifee district took away the dictionaries because one parent complained to school that their child could stumble upon the definition of â€Å"oral sex†. Parents are also worried about their children who are reading above grade level are as signed books intended for students three to four grades above them.Read More Invisible Man Essay: Ellisons Influences and Inspirations2806 Words   |  12 PagesEllisons Influences and Inspirations for Invisible Man  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All authors draw upon past experiences, people they have known, places they have been, as well as their own philosophy of life to write.   Ralph Ellison, in his book Shadow and Act refers to this process when he writes, The act of writing requires a constant plunging back into the shadow of the past where time hovers ghostlike (xix).   In preparing to write his novel he notes that, [d]etails of old photographsRead MoreReducing Workplace Discrimination Essay1444 Words   |  6 Pagespast, it is still prominent as an invisible barrier in one of the most prominent areas of life: the workplace. The term â€Å"glass ceiling† was coined by the Wall Street Journal to describe â€Å"the apparent barriers that prevent women from reaching the top of the corporate hierarchy† (Women in business). Today, it is applied to all instances of discrimination preventing advancement in a career. Business Training defines it as â€Å"A phrase used to describe an invisible barrier to promotion. It can also beRead MoreSocial Order in Public Spaces: Buchanan and Monderman`s Approaches1649 Words   |  7 PagesMonderman`s approaches to the production of social order in public spaces?. 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Furthermore, the structure of the following passages takes on the form of an oral report in which the narrator goes through descriptions of his colleagues point-by-point, as though he is simply trying to introduce them as concepts not to be forgotten throughout the ensuing lecture rather than to devise a manner through which to spliceRead MoreSatire Vs. Passive Aggressiveness1914 Words   |  8 PagesSatire vs. Passive aggressiveness How does one fulfill one’s responsibility? In the book Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison and the film Bamboozled directed by Spike Lee, two educated black characters set out to fulfill their responsibilities through different methods. While passive aggressiveness is used as a defensive tool in Invisible Man and satire is actively used in Bamboozled, both methods are flawed and fail to fulfill the protagonists’ individual and social responsibility. Despite similar purposes

Stereotyping of Hispanics in Hollywoods Films Essay

Stereotyping of Hispanics in Hollywoods Films [Cinema] manipulates the human psychology, sociology, religion, and morality of the people...(Cine-Aztlan 175). I has been said to be used by capitalists and socialists as a powerful weapon in the struggle for social justice. In all the Hollywood films and documentaries about Mexicans and Mexican-Americans, none have escapes stereotypes. And it hasnt gone unnoticed. Thomas Martinez states that the symbolic function of advertising in one level of understanding the racist implications of the mass media, especially regarding the Mexicans and Mexican-Americans(Camplis, in Noriega 284). To completely understand Latinos struggle for liberation, the term Raza has come up†¦show more content†¦So the question arises, What is the role of cinema in the struggle for Cubans to be heard? In the 1960s, radical political movements in Chicano and Puerto Rican communities took place in the U.S., influenced by the Civil Rights movement of around the same time. They did this in order to e xpose and emphasize the terrible treatment theyd been forced to live through, such as forced abortions as shown in the documentary, La Operacion, or Operation Bootstrap. American-run institutions regulated the number of births as a way to control population by sterilizing women who unknowing went through with the procedure without adequate knowledge of the entire process. Many, once tuned in to what the whole process was, would have preferred alternate methods of contraception, but after being misled, there was no turning back and thousands of children that were killed, thousands of women who had no opportunity to have another child by a government so engrossed in politics and economics that they were too busy to see any moral wrongdoing. So, Puerto Ricans, like Chicanos took a stand and exposed the injustices they had experienced by the American government, that was trying to help the country by destroying lives. This is where the Raza came in. As stated before, the Raza allows these groups to uncover theShow MoreRelated The Representation of Minorities in American Cinema Essay2440 Words   |  10 Pagesheritage and how Jews were portrayed i n films of the same era. I grew up learning about the various stereotypes that have been associated with Jews throughout history, but never have I explored the portrayals of Jews through film history in the United States. My curiosity led me to research Hollywood’s image of the Jew, providing me with a better understanding of the role Jews and Jewish family life have played in American Cinema from the very beginnings of film history. 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The Impact of Self-Management Leadership on Organizational Creativity

Essays on The Impact of Self-Management Leadership on Organizational Creativity by John Politis Article ï » ¿ The complexity of modern business can be best attributed to the revolutionary changes occurred during the last century notably since the emergence of globalization and industrialization. In order to vie with the emerging market contingencies reasonable changes are inevitable with regard to an organization’s internal and external environments. It is not only the matter what the proposed changes are, but the mode of strategic implementation play a crucial role in the success of a venture. The given article- ‘The impact of self- management leadership on organisational creativity’ is the project work of John D. Politis. The article scientifically experiments the correlation between self management leadership and creativity factors. It clearly illustrates that a management without effective leadership quality and participative approach cannot confront with the vehemence of the modern high-tech competition. His arguments have been supported by his experiments bas ed on statistical method of fact finding. According to him, a management without innovative notions and well developed structure cannot par with the excellence required for the modern market trends. The following part includes the critical summary of his findings along with the similar perceptions found in some other volumes. How become more creative? Although business firms understand the essential of employees’ creativity, the tough task lies in this transition process. Politis states that management must employ an effective supervisory inspiration in order to motivate the employees to be more creative in their performance. An aggressive supervisor would little succeed with forming a creative workforce. In contrast, if a manager or a supervisor successfully maintains interpersonal relationship with his employees he would best make use of their potential. The manager must also be a role-model for his employees by demonstrating extraordinary level of quality in work performance. Politis also describes the importance of providing innovative job chances to employees (2). He argues that as a leadership tactic, employees can be given opportunity to be innovative in their own way so as to outsmart their co-workers in work performance. In addition to reducing employees’ workload manager must ensure workers feasibility to a ccess adequate resources such as technical knowledge and effective advice. The correlation between mental state and work performance is a trivial subject for research today as they have been emphasized by many of the organizational experts in their promotional experiments of employees’ creativity (Rego, Machado, Leal Cunha). The essential focus of every promotional theory goes toward the quality of work environment which can ensure workers’ mood consistency. It involves an employee’s scope of getting maximum support from seniors as well as from co-workers in his pursuit to achieve creativity. Obviously the introduction of modern technical facilities has been proven successful as they assist employees to dispose their duties rapidly and efficiently. Politis strongly recommends that employees will be more active if they are provided the opportunity to share their innovative concepts with management officials and with co-workers (2). Group assignment would promote integration of various departments and thereby employees’ self management aptitude and organizational cohesion. Organizations should try to ensure employees’ participation while taking important strategic decisions. Moreover managers must pay genuine concern even to employees’ small achievements which will add to their enthusiasm. Reward system becomes an important area of concern at this context with regard to employee motivation. For instance, management can initiate incentives or awards to promote employees with creative ideas or outstanding work performance. Why should make employees creative? The survival of an organization today heavily depends on its flexibility to adjust with new market trends. In the view of Politis, the flexibility of a firm is almost based on the innovative ideologies of its employees to create the situation which fits with frequent market fluctuations (1). For instance, assume that Nokia Cell Phone Company introduces a handset with 10 mega pixel camera and 25 GB internal memory support. In this situation, Sony Ericsson-the competing company must develop some handsets with more attractive features in order to retain its market. The opinion of Penttila would be appropriate to quote here; â€Å"Creative people are driven by exciting work more than by a paycheck, and they need to express themselves through their work† (Penttila, 2003). The creative employees engage in their work more emotionally which aids the firms to have diversified product lines. Similarly, an organization can minimize its operational costs if the employees are creative beca use their creativity helps the organization to avoid the costs of consultancy services. In case of creative employees, wastage will be at minimum rate so that cost of production can be minimized. In short, creative, self-managed employees are valuable assets of an organization since they retain the market stature of the company. To what extent a leader can motivate employees? The article tends to convey the notion that self-management leadership stimulates the inherent abilities of the employees through a variety of techniques. According to Politis, managers or supervisors can encourage and motivate the employee to be more creative until the exertion of motivation cause to alienate their innovative attitudes. In addition to this, the over work load may weaken the efficiency of employee performance and it adversely affects the business operations of the firm (Mcshane Glinow, 81). The article precisely opines that a leader with hierarchical ideologies cannot successfully implement self-management programs since he follows an orthodox concept. The leader must also understand the maximum capacity of a worker beyond which he/she is not to be forced. Self-management leadership and elements of creativity In the opinion of Politis, self-management leadership encourages various individual factors such as ‘self-observation, self-goal setting, self-reinforcement, self-expectation, rehearsal, and self-criticism’. In addition to encouraging these six factors, the self-management leadership also stimulates the positive factors of the creativity such as ‘freedom, sufficient resources, and challenging work’. In other words, leaders stimulate various inspirational factors of the employees and also provide favorable working environment to make use of employees’ creativity. The leaders engage in these two activities with the intention of coordinating the phenomenon of idea generation with process of idea implementation. From the hypothesis testing of Politis, the obtained results reflected some moderate positive correlations between self-management leadership factors and stimulant elements of creativity. On the other hand, the results showed non-significant or ze ro correlations between self-management leadership factors and negative stimulants of creativity (10). Even though leaders try to bring the best results from employees through encouragement and inspiration, sometimes they do not get the desired results due to stimulation of negative elements of creativity. Negative stimulation occurs when the leaders exert over workload on employees. Impact of self-management leadership on organizational structure We discussed the experimental results of Politis from his hypothesis testing. The leaders who encourage the employees’ self management leadership factors get good results since this activity promotes positive elements of creativity. The stimulation of positive work dimensions creates a creative atmosphere in the organization. His findings also suggest that a participative and self-leadership style enable the management to mould employees with creative concepts. The results also points out that the stimulation of some obstacle factors impedes the creative activities of the organization. In the words of Politis, excessive workload pressure, internal strife, conservatism, and rigid, formal management structure are the main obstacle factors. The effective leadership can stimulate the positive ingredients of creativity very well and thereby a working environment with positive strength. Politis’s hypothesis testing illustrates the correlation between self- management behavior and components of creativity. He got positive correlations between self-management factors and stimulant elements of creativity whereas non-significant or zero correlations existed between self-management leadership factors and obstacle elements of creativity. In short, the idea it conveys is that a leader’s approach makes his employees creative or mechanical. Works Cited Grant, Ken (Ed). Fourth European conference on management, leadership and governance. UK: Academic Conferences Limited, 2008, Print. Hughes, Jason, Seow, Christopher. Workplace Learning. Emerald Group Publishing, 2005. Print. Mcshane, Steven L. Glinow, Mary Ann Von. Organizational Behavior: Essentials, New York:Tata McGraw-Hill, 2007, Print. Politis, John D. ‘The impact of Self-management leadership on organizational creativity’. Higher College of Technology. United Arab Emirates. Penttila, Chris. â€Å"An art in itself: managing your creative employees can be a challenge, but doing it well is crucial to your business†, bnet Business Publications. Dec, 2003. Web 7 Dec 2010 Rego, Armenio. Machado, Fernanda. Leal, Susana Cunha, Miguel Pina e. â€Å"Are hope full employee more creative?An emprical Study†. Academic papers.org. n.d. Web 6 Dec 2010

Electronic Arts Analysis Essay Example For Students

Electronic Arts Analysis Essay Bare tried to find a buyer for his invention but had trouble finding interested parties. Finally in 1371 he struck a deal with Magna to produce the Magna Odyssey which was sold in 1972. Unfortunately the product was poorly advertised and extremely overpriced and eventually was forgotten by most people. This event marked the beginning of the video game industry which took another 10 years or so to evolve. On May 28, 1982 Trip Hawkins new venture Amazing Software was established with an estimated $200,000 personal investment, Several months later, in December, Hawkins stabilized the company further with 2 million dollars of venture capital from Sequoia Capital guaranteed. Shortly thereafter the company changed its name to Electronic Arts (EAI). They took a novel approach at giving credit to its developers which is one of their early trademarks. EAI was the first video game publisher to treat its developers like artists in an industry where developers were more likely to be treated like factory workers, EAI also shared lavish profits with their developers, which added to their industry appeal. Electronic Arts, Inc. Engages in the development, publishing, and distribution of interactive software games that are playable by consumers on in-home video game players, personal computers, mobile video game players, the Internet, and worldwide (www. Finance. Yahoo. Com). They manufacture many different types Of games Which include adventure, action, role playing, simulations, strategy, and sports. The company has development and production studios situated around San Francisco, Los Angles, Orlando, Chicago, Vancouver, Montreal, London, and Tokyo. Develops their games from within the company but they also elaborate with other game developers to produce the software which EAI eventually publishes, markets, and distributes. They also offer a free web site which carries four brands of games which include: Pogo, EAI Games, EAI Sports, and EAI Sports Big, Electronic Arts operates with, or uses four different suppliers in the production of their video games. Sony and Nintendo supply the CDC, DVDs, and optical disks on which Electronic Arts furnishes to make video games. There are companies that press the disks and convert them into video games. There is a company that makes and prints the instruction booklets. And finally here is a company that packages and boxes the video games tort shipment. There are around 250 to 300 million video gamers worldwide that play video games frequently and about 100 million infrequent users. The average age of video gamers ranges from 20 to 40 year old range including preteens, teenagers, and young adults. The average age of video gamers is rising due to the amount of teenagers continuing to play throughout their adult years. As a result of this game developers are releasing games with more mature content. The video game industry has grown because Of several factors including broader game intent, the evolution of the video game consoles, better graphics, and the ability to play games online. The software segment of the video game industry was highly competitive, characterized by the continuous introduction Of new games and updated game titles and the development of new technologies for creating and playing games. The developers of software games ranged from small companies with limited resources to large corporations with significantly greater resources for developing, publishing, and marketing video game software (Thompson Gamble, 2006, pig. 08). While these companies are in competition with each there they are also in competition with Sony, Microsoft, and Nintendo to get licensed to make games for specific consoles. EAI manufactures its games tort use with three major consoles in the video game industry, EAI revenues in 2003 for each platform included from Sonnys Palpitation 2, 7% a ttributed to Nineteens Gamecock, and 9% generated from Microsofts Oxbow. In 1994, Electronic Arts was authorized to develop and distribute Cd-based software for Palpitation, with all Palpitation Cads being sourced from Sony (Thompson Gamble, 2006, pig_317), They released I g new video game titles in 2003 as compared to 18 in 2002. Their relationship with Sony is considered good. In 2001 EAI signed a licensing agreement stating that Nintendo would supply all the optical disks for making the games directly to EAI. They released 17 games worldwide as opposed to 5 in 2002. EAI believes that they have a strong relationship vita Nintendo. In their licensing agreement with Microsoft Electronic Arts was authorized to develop and distribute DVD-based video games to play on the Oxbow; unlike its agreement with Sony and Nintendo, it was not compelled to source its DVDs from Microsoft (Thompson Gamble, 2006, pig. 318). Their relationship was further strained when Microsoft denied the collecting of revenues from online play of Oxbow games. It is not clear though whether this would affect their relationship with Microsoft in the future. There is widespread competition within the development and production of video games. Trifles EssayElectronic Arts relies on the strength Of its brands, marketing and development prowess, and through acquisitions and strategic partnerships. Atop of the electronic garbing industry Electronic Arts is emerging as the leading developer and publisher of interactive entertainment software for personal computers(Dell PCs), Sony Palpitation 2 computer entertainment systems, Sonnys SSP, Microsoft Oxbow 360 video game console, Nintendo Gamecock, and Game Boy Advance. The company markets its products worldwide under four brand logos and has more than 33 product franchises that ACH has reached more than a million unit sales worldwide. To create its games, Electronic Arts incorporates video, photographic images, motion capture, 3-d face and body rendering technologies, computer graphics, and stereo sound with contributions from story. Verities, film directors, and musicians, They also have a strong hold on licensing deals with big name sports figures including Tiger Woods. Recently the company paid 800 million for exclusive rights to make games using players and team logos from the NFG The increasing popularity of sports games among consumers culminates substantial sales for the company. As a result, Electronic Arts can put more money into the research and development and the technology of their games. The next element of Electronic Arts business strategy is the companys ability to develop procedures into efficient, standard, and repeatable processes. By its nature, creativity defies standardization, and Electronic Arts has found a way to balance these two competing business needs. Electronic Arts runs an impressively tight supply chain that enables it to send games for localization in multiple languages and releases them around the world, usually within the same day. Those repeatable processes have fostered trust between Electronic Arts and its retailers. When the company launches a title to, its retailers all know they will have the new game on their shelves at exactly the same time their competitors will have it. Nintendo historically has been strong in this market. They typically have been positioned at a younger demographic, They tend to be first-party centric in terms of their software, where they control a lot more of their own software sales on their platform. Their new platform the Nintendo Revolution is expected to be out in the spring. Songs array tot hardware and software products is creating a new high definition value chain that starts with cameras and goes through projectors and television sets and finally Palpitation 3, due out in the fall of 2006. Owning the content as they do is all of the sudden part of the integrated relationship with its devices. Each understands the value of the other and that is vatu makes Sony so unique, since they make them both. Microsofts Oxbow 360 avgas just released on November 22 with 18 titles as opposed to the original Oxbow which was released with only II titles. The reason why is because hey have more third-party support from publishers like EAI and Activation. These two developers alone are producing g out of the 18 games available which come from a total of four publishers. Some say that the lineup is a little sports heavy but there is actually a good mix between sports, shooters, first person, action, adventure, and racing games. Dont say goodbye to the original Oxbow yet, Microsoft says that they have enough parts and supplies to manufacture it through next summer. This will help smaller developers to publish games for the older systems so they dont have to go head to head With EAI and Activation on he newer consoles. In the short term game innovation could become a problem in the marketplace. The soaring development costs for the new consoles will put at least a few smaller game publishers out of business. Electronic Arts is by far the most successful third-party publisher today. Not only is it the lone computer game publisher to survive the Golden Age (1979-1992) still controlling its own fortunes, but those fortunes have surpassed all others in the industry routinely making over one billion dollars each year, In fact, several classic publishers are now wholly owned subsidiaries tot Electronic Arts including: Origin, Maxis, Westwood Associates, and Bullfrog. Electronic Arts success over the years was built upon a huge library of great games. Unfortunately all of these studios were closed except for Maxis leaving many top designers and programmers out of a job and not willing to work for EAI.