Promoting Mental Health And Well Being Families Social Work Essay

Advancing Mental Health And Well Being Families Social Work Essay As indicated by the World Health Organization psychological well-being is a condition of prosperity wherein the individual understands their own capacities, can adapt to the typical worries of life, can work gainfully and productively, and can make a commitment to their locale. As indicated by the North Western Health Board (NWHB) emotional well-being influences our sentiments towards others and it additionally impacts how calm we are with ourselves. Psychological wellness additionally influences a portion of our regular abilities, for example, cooperating with others around us; keep up associations with individuals, regardless of whether it is personal connections or family connections. Emotional wellness can likewise influence the manner in which we manage certain occasions in our lives. Changes, for example, loss in a people life or losing or beginning an employment can have distinctive differently affect various individuals at various focuses in time. As indicated by Barry Jenkins there are three levels at which the defensive and hazard factors work. These three levels are known as Individual, social and auxiliary. As indicated by the NWHB each level is upheld and fortifying each level, in this way reinforcing them. By reinforcing individuals we are attempting to build fearlessness and build up their capacities and aptitudes, for example, connection with others and creating abilities to help continue connections. Defensive components The accompanying defensive components depend on an individual level. A portion of the defensive components are having acceptable adapting abilities, having great social aptitudes Great Coping Skills On the off chance that an individual is acceptable at managing and taking care of specific circumstances throughout everyday life, this can be a colossal assistance according to combatting dysfunctional behaviors. In the event that an individual can figure out how to manage a specific circumstance which they might be encountering without getting excessively worked up or letting it get them down, this can positively affect their life. In the event that an individual can be idealistic about a circumstance and attempt to look on the splendid side of things and understand that they will come out the opposite end and that things will get increasingly positive and that they may have a more promising time to come before them, this can just positively affect somebodys life. Social Skills An individual that can fit into society and become acquainted with individuals regardless of where they go will ideally never truly experience disengagement. Take for instance an individual moving to another region that doesnt know anyone that lives in the territory. On the off chance that they have what it takes to incorporate themselves into that society and become more acquainted with the network they will more than likely be invited by individuals from that society. On the off chance that an individual makes themselves known inside the network and engages in things going on inside the network, confinement won't be an issue for them. For someone that might be encountering separation this can have immense thump on impacts on their emotional wellness. On the off chance that an individual feels that they are separated from everyone else and have no one to go to, this can prompt psychological sicknesses, for example, sadness. I will presently talk about a portion of the defensive elements which depend on social level. A portion of these are certain encounters of early connection and positive connection to family. Positive Experiences of Early Attachment In the event that an individual while growing up and keeping in mind that they were youngsters had constructive encounters all through their youth, corresponding to the fact that they were so near their folks and on the off chance that they had a decent relationship can effectsly affect an individual sometime down the road. On the off chance that an individual has had a terrible relationship with their folks this can have an enormous thump on impact further down the road. On the off chance that an individual feels that they were not acknowledged by their folks as a youngster this may prompt someone experiencing misery as they may not feel needed or acknowledged into society. They may feel that no one is there for them. In the event that they have had a terrible relationship with their folks, they may likewise discover it very difficult to build up a personal connection with someone, as they might fear having such a cozy relationship with someone, as they have never encountered a rela tionship like this all through their lifetime. Connection to family How close an individual is to their family depends on a social level as indicated by Barry Jenkins. How close one might be to their family can have consequences for one life. On the off chance that an individual realizes that they have their family around them regardless and that they will be there for them through the great occasions and the awful then the individual realizes that they are not all alone on life. They realize that their family will remain by them regardless. Individuals experience such huge numbers of issues throughout everyday life, so it is useful for a person to realize that regardless of what they have a gathering of individuals around them that affection and care for them, and will bolster them through lifes challenges. Strong Social connections Strong connections, regardless of whether it be family connections or close connections is another fortifying variable which can ensure emotional well-being. On the off chance that an individual realizes that someone is consistently there for them, through the great occasions and the terrible and to assist them with worrying about substantial concerns which they will go over all through life, is an immense assistance to them. I think right now all through society, countless individuals are worrying about overwhelming concerns corresponding to joblessness and bills to be paid. In the event that an individual realizes that they have somebody to incline toward and to help them en route in life this can be a colossal weight lifted off their shoulders. In the event that an individual has someone that is supporting them, this implies they have someone to converse with and talk about any issues that they might be encountering. Something as straightforward as simply plunking down and convers ing with somebody about the issues you are encountering in life can help secure a people psychological wellness. An issue may not appear as terrible in the wake of examining it with somebody. As the adage goes an issue shared is an issue split. I will currently examine a portion of the defensive elements at a basic level. A portion of these defensive variables are financial security and business. Work Economic Security As we as a whole realize we are as of now encountering an extreme financial emergency in this nation. Many individuals are at present jobless. As indicated by the Irish National Organization of the Unemployed (INOU) measurements in October of this current year 420172 individuals were jobless. This is a tremendous extent of individuals in our general public that are jobless. Joblessness is a major issue and is more than likely one of the main sources of emotional wellness issues in todays society. For those that are right now jobless they are battling to take care of tabs and meet reimbursements on contracts. This can be a stressing time for individuals and can prompt emotional well-being issues. It can in some cases lead to individuals ending their own lives as they can't manage the regular real factors of life and can see no other way out. In an ongoing article distributed by the Irish Examiner in June of this current year expressed that the economy and the current express that it i s in is interconnected to the ascent in youngsters ending their own lives. The paper article took figures from the Central Statistics Office (CSO) from 2009. The report expressed that 443 guys took their own life in 2009. This figure had expanded by 15% from 2008. Roughly 40% of these men were unemployed and 32% of them had recently worked in the structure business, as indicated by Ella Arensman from the National Suicide Research Foundation (NSRF). It is obvious to see there is a solid association with men ending their own life and joblessness. I will presently examine a portion of the hazard factors according to emotional well-being. A portion of these hazard factors are school disappointment, social confinement and misuse and viciousness. School disappointment As indicated by Barry Jenkins School disappointment is one of the hazard factors comparable to emotional well-being. School disappointment depends on a basic level. School disappointment can impactsly affect individuals lives with regards to searching for business sometime down the road. School accomplishment may not appear to be significant yet as individuals get more established they understand how significant it is. In the event that an individual flops over and over with regards to attempting to find a new line of work this may effectsly affect their emotional wellness. Social Isolation On the off chance that an individual is encountering social detachment it can effectsly affect their emotional well-being. Take model an older individual that may have lead a free life winds up in long haul care. This may prompt depression. On the off chance that an individual is in long haul care they might be subject to somebody to care for them and help them with their regular day to day existences. This can be a major change in a people life and might prompt sorrow over the long haul. Misuse and Violence Misuse and brutality can hugy affect a people psychological wellness. Psychological mistreatment, for example, tormenting as we have seen in the course of the most recent couple of weeks can effectsly affect a people life. In the course of the most recent couple of weeks various youngsters younger than eighteen have ended their own lives as a result of tormenting. Clearly the harassing hugy affected their emotional well-being and they could see no other way out. End From my paper it is obvious to see that there are various fortifying and hazard factors comparable to emotional well-being. We as a country and as people ought to focus on the defensive components. In a report distributed by the Health Service Executive (HSE) it makes reference to that the World Health Organization expressed in a report that General Practitioners invest 30% of their energy with patients that are managing a dysfunctional behavior. This makes it understood to us that there are countless individuals are managing a psychological instability. As indicated by the HSE Ireland has attempted to build people groups familiarity with psychological wellness and change their perspectives towards it. They have done this by creating records, for example, A Vision for Change 2006 which depends on dysfunctional behaviors and psychological well-being. A report named Reach Out 2005

Free sample - Nature of Frost. translation missing

Nature of Frost. Nature of FrostThis exposition focuses in one of the prestigious writer of the twentieth century of the United States of America known as Robert Frost. I have picked two of his famous sonnets of his vocation. Quickly I have taken a gander at his private life and his profession life for the motivations behind this article in order to comprehend the individual Robert Frost was and his works. The life story in this article is giving a record of the life of Robert Frost and how his vocation crossed during his lifetime. Ice was conceived in San Francisco, where he lived for the initial eleven years of his life. Upon his dad's demise, a columnist, he moved with his mom and sister to Massachusetts close to his fatherly grandparents. His first sonnets he composed as an understudy at Lawrence High School, he later was to wed, Elinor Miriam White in 1895. He entered Dartmouth College in 1892 however was there scarcely a term; he retuned home to work at different occupations, for example, processing plant hand, newspaperman and educating. In 1894 he sold the principal sonnet, 'My Butterfly: An Elegy', to a New York magazine, The Independent. Both Frost and his better half showed school for quite a while, at that point in 1897 Frost joined Harvard College as a unique understudy for a brief period. He performed very well at Harvard, however at the time his wellbeing got dubious, he rejoined his better half in Lawrence. At the time his better half was anticipating their subsequent youngster. In October of 1900 his family chose a ranch in New Hampshire, purchased for him by his granddad. Throughout the following nine years, he composed numerous sonnets that would establish his originally distributed volumes. Other than composing he attempted his turn in poultry cultivating however not very fruitful. In 1906 he began showing English at Pinkerton Academy, a secondary school in New Hampshire. During this time two of his most cultivated early sonnets, 'The Tuft of Flowers' and 'The Trial by Existence', were distributed. At the time he and Elinor had created six youngsters, two of whom passed on as babies. In 1912 he sold his hom estead and cruised with his family Glasgow, settling in Beaconsfield outside London. During his life he did awesome works composing numerous books, sonnets and plays which were distributed both in England and in America. Anyway Frost having been a cleaned author he truly put stock in his capacities to excite his perusers with spellbinding works and Frost's own detailing to an American companion in 1914 is useful in contemplating his accomplishment: he told the companion, Sidney Cox, that the genuine artist's pleasure lay in making ‘his own words as he goes' as opposed to relying on words whose implications were fixed: 'We compose of things we see and we write in emphasizes we hear. Hence we accumulate both our material and our procedure with the creative mind from life; and our strategy becomes as much material as material itself.' It was this rule Pound saluted in Frost when, in his audit of North of Boston, he commented convincingly: 'I know a greater amount of ranch life than I did before I had perused his sonnets (Terry 52). This article is concentrating on crafted by Robert Frost, picking some portion of his work to examine scholarly and their application in the genuine circumstances which gives peruser a vibe of somebody who submitted his entire teaching individuals about the encounters of life and how to adapt to challenge as we live.â One of crafted by Robert Frost is his sonnet of 1916 known as 'The Road Not Taken'. In this specific workâ can be deciphered in two points of view. The primary point of view depends on an individual understanding of the works. This portrays how an individual can practice their own freedom and confidence without essentially including others in their dynamic. Fundamentally talking in this work Robert Frost depicts and individual artistic who is faced by life circumstance to settle on a decision between two alternatives which are a real existence challenge too. The individual is seen first investigating the accessible alternatives and assessing the best accessible choice however he doesn't know precisely what lies ahead in both of these choices, the individual is persuaded that whatever choice he is going to make will meet his wants and objectives and in this manner there is no requirement for any impact from outsiders, for example, society and relatives (Pritchard 15). In this work Frost additionally delineates the person as having taken a choice and persuaded that he had settled on the correct choice soldiered on and consistent with his feelings that thy will not lament about a choice once made for reasons unknown, he had really settled on a choice of his life time and in deed it was a decent choice and that he has really had extraordinary advantages. This work fixates on urging people to confront life strikingly and never dread any difficulties in life.â â â â â Always evaluate the circumstance inside your self and don't avoid taking choices for it just you who can practice your own wants and objective while disregarding different impacts. In political way of thinking, independence hypothesis of government is with the end goal that they ought to secure individual freedom to go about as they wish, inasmuch as they don't encroach the freedoms of others. There is what is named as collectivist political speculations, where, as opposed to having people to seek after their own closures, the legislature guarantees that the individual serves the entire society. This is a differentiation to the individual freedoms. The subsequent point of view is essentially an unexpected understanding of the works. The unexpected understanding is that the sonnet is tied in with settling on decisions and supporting the choices we hold with high regard or lament .In this view, The Road Not Taken is maybe a renowned case of the creator's own cases to cognizant incongruity. In the American verse of a scalawag, Frost cautioned â€Å"be cautious about this one; it's a dubious sonnet †exceptionally precarious. As indicated by this sonnet is made to a delicate punch at his companion and individual artist Edward Thomas, with whom he used to go for strolls through the woods. Thomas consistently remarked toward the end-we ought to have taken various ways and appeared to be entertained at the translation of the sonnet as moving. It additionally gives us the energy to constantly confront existence with a receptive outlook in order to face up the results which may emerge because of a choice or choices we have made thr oughout everyday life. In this understanding it is so as to the view that the end legitimizes the methods (Finger 478). In this understanding it is viewed as uplifting throughout everyday life and the works are taking life in another level where as one grows up they should realize that they will confront an actual existence loaded with decisions and these decisions are tied in with acknowledging ones wants and objectives. Choice taking in life can't be over accentuated in this bit of work and that whatever it whether an individual or the general public all in all they should confront the decisions accessible throughout everyday life and take a choice which is to their greatest advantage. In any case, if those choices don't work in support of them they should confront the repercussions with their heads high, for this is a demonstration of assuming liability in whatever moves one makes throughout everyday life. It is the sociological component in this work which is of extraordinary enthusiasm since this may lead us to take a gander at a political point of view in light of the fact that the general public dynamic may must be formed by a specific political administration or allotment. The general public will rely to a great extent upon choices made at position of administration to take care of the general public's wants and objectives thus their political, monetary, social freedom and independence rather than individualized choice taking which is educated by close to home feelings. There are additionally circumstances whereby the general public is divided in bunches in which case the choices taken by a specific gathering will be educated by shared objectives of that specific gathering and choices will consistently be taken in a consistent understanding among the individuals from that specific gathering of individuals. The confidence in the significance of the opportunity of people likewise na med to as radicalism which is broadly acknowledged in the United States of America and most western nations where people are given the freedom to settle on close to home choices without the impedance of the state is generally dismissed by strict beliefs, for example, Islam and numerous nations in Asia. The two understandings are interrelated with the choices we make seeing someone. These choices about connections and family will to a great extent be educated by singular interest for individual fulfillment or by cultural affiliations. The equivalent can likewise be influenced by certain political parts of gatherings and guidelines of government. For instance there are nations which grant gay connections and others which are exceptionally severe that connections ought to be absolutely between two grown-ups of other gender. This political angle will shape the sort of choices one will make in connection with adoration and family. The general public groupings will likewise shape these choices since socially they are bound to a specific lifestyle and that illuminates their day by day life. Robert Frost in his sonnet 'Out, Out-''(1916) he is seeing demise as talks about a youngster who bites the dust because of wounds on body where his arm is cut off by a buzz saw. Passing is the demonstration of life finishing. Normally demise is typically abrupt and has pulverizing impacts to the individual, family and the general public everywhere which in old and current society ist got with stun. In the United States of America an individual is dead if a declaration is affirmed by an authorized clinical specialist. In strict understanding of this work ice is portraying demise as something which is investable and may happen whenever. It is additionally bringing up that demise can happen to any individual youthful and old the same. The youngster passes on minutes not long before they could up their exercises of the day. The manner in which the passing happens is with the end goal that even the sister couldn't spare him from being harmed, and upon wounds even the nearness of an expert specialist couldn't spare the life

Essay Sample: Use Introduction Essay Samples

Essay Sample: Use Introduction Essay SamplesAn introduction essay is the one and only real entry in an academic paper and it can be one of the trickiest parts of a writing assignment. As such, students are advised to make sure that they take the time to get the most out of their assignment.This is where essay samples for introduction topics come in. The idea is to have an expert read your work and give you his or her opinion as to why it should be included in your paper.The first step in getting this information is to know what kind of essay samples you are looking for. There are many options available today and some of them are used for essays for A-level students while others are used for exams. What you will want to do is find essay samples that fit best with the way you plan to write your own essay.When writing an essay for a class, there is often a requirement that the student be able to write an essay of an appropriate length. For this reason, essay samples are essential becaus e they allow students to learn how to properly format their own paper.You can also use these essay samples when you are writing an exam. One of the most important aspects of an essay is that it is effective and these examples will help you achieve this goal.It's easy to use essay samples for introduction topics because they are such short form. All you need to do is choose one or two of the available samples and study the sample thoroughly.You will want to make sure that you study carefully and make notes as to how the examples are formatted and how it will be effective for your composition test papers. You should also do some comparison between these essays and your own work and make sure that your essay looks exactly like the sample.Take your time with this process and make sure that you understand everything that is taught in the essay. With the right amount of practice, you should soon find that your essay writing skills are strong enough to take on any assignment that you might be given.

The Capital Market As An Investment Opportunity In Uganda Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4896 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Abstract: The purpose of the study was to examine how the share market has developed in Uganda from inception of the Capital Markets Authority in 1998 to the current date, 2010. A qualitative study using a descriptive method was used. Key stakeholders were identified as African Alliance, a broker, Stanbic Bank an issuer, the Uganda Securities Exchange (USE) as the Exchange Market trading platform and the Shareholders. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Capital Market As An Investment Opportunity In Uganda Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Primary Data was collected by using structured interviews that were held with the key stakeholders mentioned in the previous paragraph and Secondary data from various books and the Internet. The findings from the data collected are presented in form of graphs and tables. The study revealed that Uganda is at the stage of developing its Stock Exchange Market and is still far from the standards of most International Stock Exchanges. This is mainly because there are a few stocks available in the country as compared to the growing economy, the confidence of Ugandans to buy stock is still low due to the exposure that Stock Exchange over the last few years has had in the country and the companies that are still family based private institutions. Word Count: 192 INTRODUCTION: With the advent of financial liberalization, a wider choice of business investment opportunities has been created as a measure of economic development. Today, one way of determining a countrys developing economy can be through its stock exchange. Growing activity and increased investment in the stock exchange indicates a developing economy in the business world  [1]  . The stock market has proved to be a vital source for companies to raise money other than the traditional bank loans and it improves a companys valuation through the price discovery mechanism. It also creates a platform for savings for investors who wish to participate as Shareholders in these companies. Uganda being a developing country, the introduction of financial instruments and the establishment of the Uganda Securities Exchange has deepened the financial sector encouraging local and foreign investors. USE as a stock governing body was created because of Uganda Governments privatization policy where state owned companies were disposed. The Government would sell a percentage of small number of its shares to the public and retain a percentage for a core investor. This was aimed at promoting wide spread ownership by involving the people of Uganda in the buying of shares of these privatized companies. The basic function of USE is to provide a facility for raising funds for investment in long term assets. Being a developing country with difficulties in accessing finance for new and small companies, the stock market provides a good platform for raising capital and mobilizing savings for investment opportunities. The USE was established in 1997 and the first security, the EADB bond was listed in 1998. Currently, there are 14 listed equities, six corporate bonds and over forty government bonds fairly representing a growing securities market. However compared to the neighboring Kenya stock market with 49 companies, there is still potential for growth. These companies were majorly *Parastatals, which were wholly or partially owned by government. According to Stuart R. Cohen the best source of capital is public investment through the purchase of shares  [2]  . In spite of there being 14 listed companies on the Ugandan stock market, development has been unpredictable (refer to Table 1). Based on these facts and from my observation as a Stanbic Bank shareholder, the slow development could be attributed to the shallow financial sector, lack of confidence in the stock market, insufficient knowledge poor governance practices and lack of incentives or interest for companies to list on the stock market. Therefore the purpose of this study is to examine the development of the share market from inception to 2010 with specific reference to Stanbic bank as the biggest issuer and African Alliance as a significant broker. The findings from this study will be able to assist USE to formulate specific solutions to identified problems, stimulate others to rese arch further into the areas identified and benefit myself to acquire techniques required to do my research when I join University. REVIEW: Introduction In reviewing the period between inception and the current situation of the share market, Uganda Securities Exchange were looked at in general. The USE is the Ugandan stock market governing body; it was formed in May 1997 after receiving a license form the Capital Markets Authority (CMA). It is a private company with a board of directors and articles of association, the exchange regulates the trading of shares. The Uganda securities exchange in Uganda is so far the only licensed stock exchange body that has controlled all stock activity in the country since 1997. Its main function is to provide a facility for raising funds for investment in long term assets in the country. It also mobilizes savings for investment, creates liquidity and helps in the growth of the related financial services sector. To date, there are fourteen (14) companies listed in the security exchange In examining the existing secondary literature, the aim was to broaden the understanding of identified th emes highlighted in the introduction above. THE STOCK MARKET AND ITS OPERATIONS On a simplistic view, a capital market is just like a normal market where people go to buy and sell or trade goods. Specifically a capital market deals with the entire range of activities that relate to buying and selling of financial instruments which include government treasury bills, bonds, company shares of stock.  [3] A  stock exchange or stock market  is known as a secondary market where securities which are already in circulation are formally bought and sold through brokers.  [4]  The purpose of a stock exchange is to monitor the exchange of securities between buyers and sellers of stock. These exchanges provide real time trading information on the values of stock for different companies. This process of selling new shares by an issuer to securities dealers is known as underwriting or a Primary Market. When companies sell new shares, its known as an Initial Public Offering (IPO) a process which Stanbic bank Uganda had to go through.  [5]  The stock s sold by an Issuer are listed and traded on Stock Exchanges. Following an IPO the shares are then listed on the stock exchange and traded through the Secondary markets. Share prices are based on demand and supply of the shares, company performance, speculation of future performance, or perception. If there are more shares being offered for sale than purchasers are willing to buy, the price of shares will drop in order to reflect the excess supply. On the other hand, if fewer shares are being offered than there are buyers; the price will rise as an indication of excess demand. Participants in the stock market can range from Small Retail Investors to large  Institutional Investors, Brokers, dealers and fund managers. Some exchanges of stock are at Physical locations where transactions are carried out on a trading floor, through the  open outcry system, the method currently used in the Ugandan Stock Exchange (2010). This method involves calling out of bids and offe rs by the floor traders. When the bid and ask prices match a sale is considered to have taken place. This is based on a best price first come basis. Trading is started and ended with the ringing of a bell.  [6]  The fact that the trading place is located at only the premises of USE in the city center, very few people are likely to know what has taken place at the trading place unless one is physically present. This limits the number of buyers The other type of stock exchange is a virtual kind, composed of a network of computers where trades are made electronically via traders. In Uganda this system of the stock market has not yet been established, Over-the-Counter (OTC) trading of securities although is not allowed.  [7]  The exchange disseminates information to the public through the media or its website which shows share price movement, corporate announcements and market activity. How they do this is mentioned later in the essay. THE UGANDAN CAPITAL MARKETS INDUSTRY The advent of Capital Market in Uganda started with the establishment of the Capital Markets Authority (CMA) in 1996 with the purpose of regulating the Capital markets industry. The Capital Market Authority then went ahead to license different players within the industry  [8]  . The Uganda Capital markets Industry has the following players: The stock exchange Fund Managers Brokers/ Dealers Collective Investment Schemes (CIS) Registrars Custodians THE STOCK EXCHANGE: The stock exchange as mentioned in the previous text has been predominantly run by the Uganda Securities Exchange since its establishment in 1998. The exchange provides the platform for trading all shares and securities that have been listed on the stock market and also gives updates on the current share prices in the official newspapers and on their online website. Stock market requirements in Uganda: In order for a company to raise capital and list on the Ugandan Stock Market it has to undergo a due diligence process, prepare a prospectus, meet the listing requirements and seek the approval of the CMA and the USE. Some of the major requirements of the CMA and USE are the track record of the company, audited accounts of the company for the past two to five years and net asset requirements.. The Central Depository System (CDS). The USE introduced CDS in 2010. This is and electronic register. When kept in paper form, for safe keeping securities owners of shares may ea sily misplace their certificates or even in case of robbery and thus remain with no proof of ownership. Today, all shareholders involved in the trading of shares are required to have a CDS account, in the Securities Central Depository, where ones shares are kept, credited and added to according to their personal transactions. There are still investors who hold their securities in paper form whereby shareholders not trading in shares would have certificates of ownership that indicates how many shares one would have bought and at how much. THE ISSUERS: Issuers are entities listed on the stock exchange in Uganda. These entities are required to undergo particular requirements in order to be listed on the stock exchange as listed below. The companies first have to make their shares available or issued to the public and this involves the disclosure of the companys position in terms of financial status, assets, liabilities etc. this is also known as going public. The companies then apply to raise capital and be listed under the different market segments of the Securities Exchange. Once approved to raise capital and/or be listed on the exchange, the companies then have to be listed under a particular market segment. The difference between these segments mainly is the level of requirements with the Main Investment Market Segment being stricter in disclosure terms than the Alternative Investment Market Segment. There are three main market segments; the main investment market segment (MIMS), the Alternative investment Market S egment (AIMS) and the Fixed Income Securities Market Segment (FISMS). The difference between these segments is the level of requirements. MIMS is stricter in disclosure terms than the AIMS. MIMS requires a company to be limited by shares with a minimum of full paid up share capital of one billion shillings (Ushs 1,000,000,000) and the assets of two billion shillings (Ushs. 2,000,000,000) plus published audited financial statements of at least 5 years according to International Standards. AIMS on the other hand requires a corporate body or registered Public issuer, full paid up capital is a minimum of two hundred million shillings (Ushs. 200,000,000) and net assets four hundred million shillings (Ushs. 400,000,000) and requires audited financials of at least two years. There is need for the USE to provide a sense of direction to the potential issuers about the alternatives they have. Many Potential issuers especially those without strong brands are not aware of the opportunities avai lable at the sock market. BROKERS/ DEALERS These are the middle men in the stock market. They are involved in the buying and selling of shares on behalf of the investors. In Uganda one cannot buy or sell shares that are in the secondary market (shares already in circulation) without a broker, this is bound by the law of Uganda therefore they are very crucial players in the stock market. There are 9 licensed Broker Companies currently operating in Uganda which include African Alliance, Baroda Capital Markets, Crane Financial Services, Crested Stocks and Securities Limited, Renaissance Capital Limited, UAP Financial Services, Equity Stock Brokers, Dyer and Blair (UG) Limited and MBEA Brokerage services. Brokers receive orders from clients that wish to sell their shares and they link them up with other clients who may wish to buy shares from particular companies. The brokers earn a fixed commission of not more than 2% from all the trading activities. INVESTORS: These could be classified under the buyers of shares and are also the parties that determine the success of the stock market. Investor in Uganda can be categorized into four categories: Foreign institutional investors These include companies and organizations that are not based within the country and take interest in the buying and selling of shares in Uganda. These include fund managers like for pension funds that possess a lot of liquidity and use this is for investing in the stock market Foreign individual investors Local institutions These are indigenous companies and organizations that take interest and engage in the trading of shares on the stock exchange. This is also normally taken up by companies with liquidity and can afford to engage in this type of continuous trading for example private pension funds, insurance companies, etc. The National Social Security Fund (NSSF), the countrys largest pension fund, is known to be the largest individual shareholder in most of the companies that are listed on the USE like Stanbic Bank Uganda, DFCU Bank, HFB Bond Uganda. Local individuals This field was initially characterized by the high net worth individuals in the country but as of 2007 when Stanbic Bank was listed on the stock market this has changed. The Bank opened the doors to the widespread ownership of shares the country has ever seen. Stanbic Bank had shareholders buying a minimum of 1000 shares which was equivalent to 70,000 Ug Shs at that time. The Stanbic IPO attracted over 35,000 shareholders. Insert table for shareholder breakdown Fixed Income Securities Market Segment (FISMS) This segment entails issuers of bonds who are either corporate or government. The segment is dominated by the government securities. There are a few corporate bonds whose secondary market activity is non-existent. The government bonds are traded over the counter through Primary dealers system (PDS) Primary Dealers System is Banks that are allowed to deal in Government Securities. These banks participate in the secondary market of government securities and they include Stanbic Bank Uganda, Standard Chartered Bank, Barclays Bank, DFCU Bank, Bank of Baroda and Centenary Bank. GRAPH 1: A GRAPH SHOWING THE NUMBER OF SHARES TRADED BETWEEN JANUARY 2000 AND OCTOBER 2010 The trend in the curve above proves there was accelerated activity in 2007 that was most likely due to Stanbic Banks listing and has been the best since then. It has declined from 2008; one of the major reasons for this is because recent global crisis which saw stock market activity drop across the world. The awareness of the stock market was boosted during the Stanbic IPO period (2007) because Stanbic Bank share price was perceived as affordable and the brand was widely known among Ugandans. STANBIC BANK (U) LTD Stanbic Bank is part of the Standard Bank of South Africa Ltd. It is the largest financial institution with the largest branch network in Uganda. The Bank is incorporates in Uganda under the Companies Act as a Public Liability Company. In 2002 SBU acquired 80% shareholding in Uganda Commercial Bank Ltd a government institution under the Privatization policy. Stanbic Bank Uganda joined the exchange in 2007 when it was listed by on the Uganda Securities Exchanges main market segment. It was concluded to be a successful venture for the company when they realized an IPO (Initial Public Offering) that was 200% over subscribed, the highest subscription in Ugandas IPO history. The bank also received tremendous international interest from investors mainly from Kenya. Stanbic banks forthcoming transition into the stock market was first introduced during the takeover of Uganda Commercial Bank by well-known Standard Bank (Stanbic Banks Mother Company) with its headquarters in South A frica. One of the agreements between these investors and the government of Uganda was to eventually sell part of the company to the public after a period of time, and in 2007 this was done with the government giving up it 10% of the company and the investors matching 10% of their ownership and so 20% of the company was sold as shares.  [9] During companies IPO, just like Stanbic, a number of factors would contribute to the publics interest in the acquisition of shares from that particular company for example the Brand strength and recognition. Stanbic bank is a very successful bank, a branch of Standard bank, one of the biggest banks in Africa therefore the public was already aware of the company and some of its capabilities. Other factors like marketing, timing, size of share on offer also contribute to the subscription of shares. The recent Stanbic Bank Initial Public Offer was in line with the objectives of the Governments divestiture programme that seeks to remove state participation in the ownership of a variety of companies. Shares equivalent to 1,023,773,394 were offered at a price of Ush 70 per offer share, this consisted of the existing issued share capital of the company. 51,118,670 representing 1% were offered for employees of the bank at the same price. The objectives were to enable the Ugandan Public to participate in the equity of SBU and to encourage a wider ownership, provide individualism institutions, investor an opportunity to participate and also provide a market for the shareholders to realize their investments. The response was phenomenal with 37,449 applications for 3 billion shares totaling U Shs 211 billion hence a 200% oversubscription. Stanbic Bank shares are now traded on the Uganda Stock Exchange. Today the Stanbic bank stock market cap is estimated at about 1.3 trillion Shs which is about 650 million dollars as of 11.10.2010 with 5,118,866,970 shares in circulation.  [10] AFRICAN ALLIANCE African Alliance is an investment bank in Uganda that organizes capital for firms through other means apart from the conventional bank loans. African Alliance also deals in the trading of shares and company bonds, the area I am most interested in. Clients go to the company office as buyers and sellers of shares. The buyers of the shares place a bid for shares listed on the USE for a particular company they are interested in which the company then records. The sellers of the shares also come to the company and set a price for their shares. African Alliance links these two parties when they come across matching bids and prices of share. The company earns its income through the commissions that it chargers its clients. The clients that are selling their shares are credited when their shares are bought; a percentage of the money got from selling the shares (2.1%) is paid to the company. The clients that are buying the shares also pay an additional percentage (2.1%) of the amount he is paying for the shares. The breakdown of the 2.1% commission is as follows:   1.70%   Goes to the Broker   0.14%   USE Levy   0.14%   CMA Levy   0.02%   Joint USE CMA Compensation fund   0.02%   Guarantee Fund 0.08%   SCD Levy African alliance is currently facing a problem of liquidating the market and getting more companies to be listed on the Uganda Securities Exchange, this is because the company earns on commission therefore their transactions are proportional to the income they earn. Having more companies listed on the stock market attracts more investors to the country and eventually improves the economy, like I had mentioned before, a countries performance in the stock market can be used to determine the economies development. In order for the company to realize more revenues in terms of commissions from shares sold or bought. There is need to sensit ize a bigger population. They need to partner with the USE on closing the information gap. With more companies or corporates listing and more people sensitized there revenues will be enhanced and ultimately growth of the company. The companys new transition into an electronic based office system has made it easier for offers and bids to be realized and has made their record keeping more efficient. Previously Certificates were held by clients when they acquired shares from the USE but were given up to the company when they placed their offers to sell shares. The certificate system made the clients vulnerable because they could easily be lost or misplaced. CONCLUSION The major conclusions from my study are drawn from the findings and investigations and are reported based on the Research Question, Examining the development of the share market as an investment opportunity in Uganda At the beginning of the investigation it was established that the stock market is not developed to the level it should be at after thirteen years in existence. I based this assumption on the other International Stock Markets like Kenyan Stock Market and the American Stock Markets. In spite of the Nairobi stock market having been in existence for over fifty years as compared to the thirteen years for Uganda, the mix of the listed companies and corporate bodies is a good indicator of a developed economy. The major reason why the share market is unpredictable in Uganda has been identified as below: There are few stocks/ shares available in the country compared to the growing population and increasing investors. This limits the investors potential and interest in the country. The confidence the population has in the stock market is still low. The population is still rigid to jump into investment opportunities like the Stock Exchange because they do not have enough information and trust in it. There is also a lack of a clearing house to manage efficient transfer of securities from owner to purchaser. Since trading is only done through a few brokers, the possibility of not getting the right information in a timely manner as to make an investment decision. Uganda still has mainly a family based business system. The stock and share market involves a company exposing its financial status, declaring all its possessions to a large group of people. Most of the companies listed in the Ugandan Stock Market are international institutions like Stanbic Bank and Kenya Airways; companies as identified in the review have the capacity to market and advertise before listing. The requirements of listed companies to prepare and distribute periodic repo rts to shareholders and the Exchange market are not very welcome by local companies as it is perceived that it will expose them to higher taxes by revenue authorities. Also a recent article in the New Vision Newspaper (06/02/2011) highlights a lack of incentives i.e. tax holidays for companies to join the Stock market. The lack of public awareness could contribute to the unpredictability of the history of the Ugandan Stock Market. In 2007, the interest was at its highest because the bank created awareness and population saw an opportunity to invest at a relatively low price but the lack of sufficient knowledge led to the interests decline because the investors were now satisfied with their involvement which should not be the case. The public is also not made aware of the market segments like the AIMS which provide fewer and easier requirements to fulfill. They presume that disclosure terms are all similar. It is important that the USE provides a sense of direction by informing th e public about the possible alternatives in joining the Stock Exchange. The prices of stock and shares are still high relative to the earning per share. In 2007, Stanbic bank sold their shares at a 70shs, an affordable price and the Sock Market witnessed the largest interest in buying of shares. Companies that listed after Stanbic priced the share much higher, hence having less enthusiastic from the public. RECOMENDATIONS: In order for the Share market to develop fast and more steadily in Uganda the following suggestions could be taken into consideration. The government should quickly put in place incentives and policies to attract investors in the Capital Market. The government should also attract more SMEs and local corporates by putting policies in place that would assist businesses in times of losses. The Uganda Securities Exchange together with the Ugandan Government should organize a campaign to sensitize the public about the operations of the Stock Exchange, at tracting more companies on the benefits of saving as alternative methods to using banks. Investment advisors should be recruited to provide information and recommendations to the local investors and to interest new investors as well to participate in the Stock Market. Electronic awareness either through mobile message or email to owners about the share price would increase sellers and hence more buyers and fluctuations in the share price. APPENDICES TABLE 1: TABLE SHOWING COMPANIES LISTED IN THE USE SINCE 1997 LISTED COMPANY YEAR OF LISITNG *East African Development Bank (EADB) 1998 Uganda Clays (UCL) 2000 British American Tobacco Uganda (BATU) 2000 East African Breweries Ltd (EABL) 2001 Kenya Airways (KA) 2002 Bank of Baroda Uganda (BOBU) 2002 DFCU Bank 2004 New Vision Printing and Publishing Company Ltd (NVL) 2004 Jubilee Holdings Ltd (JHL) 2006 Stanbic Bank Uganda (SBU) 2007 Kenya Commercial Bank (KCB) 2008 Equity Bank Ltd (EBL) 2009 National Insurance Company (NIC) 2010 National Media Group (NMG) 2010 Table 2: A SUMMARY OF MAJOR LISTED COMPANIES LISTING HISTORY Company Listed year Shares issued 000,000,000shs Market Capital 000,000,000,000shs Original share price Current share price (2.19.10) Stanbic Bank Ltd 2007 5.1 1.407 70 275 Uganda Clays Ltd 2000 0.9 0.04 45 Jubilee Holdings Ltd. 2006 0.045 0.245 5548 British American Tobacco Uganda 2000 0.049 0.85 1740 DFCU 2004 0.248 0.223 900 Table 3: Companies No. Of shares 000 Share price (Ushs) Market Capitalization Local Listed Uganda Clays Limited 5,000 2,255 11,275,000 British American Tobacco Uganda Limited 49,080 470 23,067,600 Bank of Baroda 40,000 1,000 40,000,000 DFCU Limited 248,600 420 104,412,000 New Vision Printing Publishing Company Limited 51,000 460 23,460,000 Cross-Listed East African Breweries Limited 658,978 3,818 2,515,978,004 Kenyan Airways Limited 461,615 3,107 1,434,237,805 Jubilee Holdings Limited 36,000 7,372 265,392,000 TOTAL 4,417,822,409 TABLE 4: THE USE DAILY LISTED COMPANIES UPDATE COMPANY PRICE CHANGE  ALSI 1,228 0.61% BATU 1,740 0.00% BOBU 795 -0.63% CENT 670 0.00% DFCU 900 0.00% EABL 5,548 0.34% EBL 840 2.19% JHL 5,548 0.34% KA 1,183 -3.74% KCB 672 1.51% NIC 70 0.00% NMG 4,993 -0.24% NVL 550 0.00% SBU 275 0.00% UCL 45 -10.00% USE LCI 369 -0.22% Data collection tools Appendix I: Interview with the African alliance Staff My name is Vernon Kihuguru. I am a Business and Management student at Aga Khan High School doing my Extended Essay in Business and Management. My topic is the introduction and development of the Ugandan stock Market which Stanbic Bank Uganda Ltd as my case study. Below is the interview I carried out with a management staff of Africa Alliance. It was a pre- written interview where I used an interview guideline which was answered without my presence and sent to me by email. The limitation of this interview is based entirely on the nature of African Alliances line of work hence their inability to give detailed information about their operations. What kind of financial institution is African Alliance? African Alliance is an Investment bank. What exactly does African Alliance do? As an investment bank, we organize capital for firms through new channels apart from the conventional bank loan a firm can apply for from commercial banks. We have three departments: Corporate finance: deals with arranging deals like IPOs (Stanbic, DFCU), private placements (Good African Coffee) , rights issues(New Vision) Securities: that deals in the trading of shares and corporate bonds Unit Trusts:- deals with managing clients funds, be it saving or pensions (similar to NSSF) How do carry out your everyday operations? In securities, which most people are familiar with, clients place purchase orders to buy stocks listed on the Uganda Securities Exchange (USE), while at the same time clients with the intention to sale place their shares offers on the same market. If the prices of the sellers (offers) meets that of the buyers (bidders), then a deal is struck. What challenges do you face in this industry? We face challenges of making the market liquid. Finding buyers and sellers to transact as often as possible is the main goal for we are paid on commission. We have challenges of getting more companies listed on the exchange, for it gives more investment avenues and options to prominent investors. How do you earn from the stock exchange? We earn in for of commission per transaction we carry out. Lets say we have client selling 1,000 Stanbic shares at UGX 265. His shares are worth UGX 265,000. But we charge 2.1% of that value, hence we take UGX 5,565 and we transfer to his account UGX 257,435 and vice versa for buying client taking the 1,000 shares, he would have to top up the UGX 5,565. What advancements have been made in your sector since the start of the market in Uganda? We have moved from a paper based system to and electronic trading platform. Before April 2010, all clients received certificates when they bought shares from the (USE) and gave them up when the offered to sale. Now we run on an electronic system where shares bought are placed into an electronic account held by the exchange (USE) and when selling are debited off the account. Appendix II: Interview with Secretary of Stanbic Bank What is Stanbic Banks Involvement in the Ugandan Stock Market? Stanbic Bank Uganda is an issuer of When did Stanbic Bank get listed and why? Stanbic Bank was listed in 2007 under the Why didnt the company get listed earlier or later? What were the requirements to get listed? Has joining the stock market improved the companys overall performance? How? Were the results expected? What are the problems the company is currently facing in relation to the stock market?

The Hunger Games And 1984 - 941 Words

Throughout history, some of the most popular novels have been about dystopian futures, where an all-powerful government has total control over its citizens and abuses its powers. Two of the most popular and well-known novels are the recent Hunger Games series and 1984, which was written soon after World War II ended. Both follow similar themes, showing a government of the few ruling over its people with unlimited power, and pulling all rights from the citizens they are meant to protect. There are several similarities and differences between these political systems, however, dealing with control over the people, how the government uses its citizens, and the political structures themselves. The structure of the governments in the Hunger Games and 1984 are very similar for a variety of reasons. To start with, both of the governments are run by unelected officials with little regard for their citizens. They are unrepresentative of the actual population of Oceania and Panem, and have blat ant disregard for anyone they consider beneath them, whether that be the outer districts or Proles. In addition, both systems work only for the benefits of the elites who run them, being the Inner Party and the Capital. Almost all of the labor goes toward improving the lives of the elites, and keeping them in power. However, there are a few key differences between the main control struture of the parties. In the Hunger Games, the Capital and Panem is run by a dictator called Snow, who singleShow MoreRelatedThe Hunger Games And 1984918 Words   |  4 Pagescommitted, the punishments have no regulations controlling them. The society in The Hunger Games and 1984 both use a bird as a symbol of freedom, monitor citizens via telescreens and divides their society into groups that work together to benefit the government. 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The Social Views Of Women, Slavery, Farming And Trading

During the seventeenth century there was a large amount of change occurring in America. Much of this change included political, social, religious and economic issues throughout colonial America. These issues led to social tension and economic growth. During this time there was also controversy in Massachusetts that dealt with witchcraft. Although, much change was occurring at this time, both bad and good, white newcomers were gaining the benefits of this growth throughout the North and South lands. In this essay I will explain the social views of women, slavery, farming and trading, changes in the religious world and the witchcraft trials. This essay will provide a better understanding of the growth and change America went through†¦show more content†¦Puritans, viewed the scripture in the bible very highly, and deemed it as the only true law of God. â€Å"Puritans believed that each individual, as well as each congregation, was directly responsible to God, rather than answ ering through a mediator such as a priest, bishop, etc (What is Puritanism and what did the Puritans believe?) Puritan families followed the belief that men were the authority, and women were inferior to the men. Women born into these religious families were expected to be modest and obedient. Prudence, Chasity and Comfort were some of the popular names given to girls born during this time, expecting them to follow their religious beliefs. The seventeenth century was a time when economy was starting to flourish. With all the resources found in the New World, and many laws created, there was much work to be done. The growth of this land led more and more people to travel to it. Some people at this time would hire indentured servants to help with house chores and take care of the farms. Being an indentured servant meant that a deal was made with the owner of the land to bring the person over to America for about four to five years. In return the land owner would be their master. The servants were given a passage into America, food and shelter. They were also promised that after their time was up they would be able to own their own farms,

Teaching and Learning in the 21st century †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Teaching and Learning in the 21st century. Answer: This essay introduces the major difference between the 20th and 21st century teaching style. It has been seen that the 20th century teaching style was more teacher-centric, assessment focused along with fragmented curriculum and the students were forced to memorize facts. However, on the contrary, the 21st century teaching style is more students centric with project-based learning that is real-life, relevant and collaborative. Additionally, 20th century learning is time-based whereas 21st century learning is outcome based. Additionally, the topic also introduces globalization and social change and their impact on changing the educational style along with relevant examples. There has been a drastic change in the 20th century and 21st century teaching process as the globalized thinking regarding education gave rise to a new paradigm. The new paradigm was due to the ongoing and massive technological, social and economic changes. As commented by Derricott (2014), 21st century learning and teaching style are based on outcome rather than time. Additionally, the nature of the 21st century learning style has the more discovering approach towards learning that is highly research driven. The 21st century learning style provides an opportunity to ignite the fire and urge of knowledge and learning within the students by allowing them to participate in the learning style (Savickas, 2012). The students are provided with more opportunity to share their thoughts and opinions thereby, inculcating them within the teaching and learning style. Moreover, the 21st century includes an active learning style that facilitates the use of the instructional method in order to enga ge the students in the learning process. This provides an opportunity for the students to conduct meaningful learning activities while learning. As commented by Kuhlthau, Maniotes and Caspari (2015), the involvement of all the five senses while learning is what differentiates 21st century learning style from the 20th century learning style. The 20th century learning style differs from the 21st century learning style primarily based on the approach and type of learning. The 20th century learning style is basically time-based with passive learning. Therefore, the quality of 20th century education is defined by the maximum time spent in the classroom. The lessons of the 20th century emphasized more knowledge, comprehension, and application. The students in the 20th century learning style had little freedom as the classes were conducted in confined classrooms and were majorly textbook driven. However, as argued by Kuhlthau, Maniotes and Caspari (2015), in the 21st century learning, the students are provided certain level of freedom, the studies are research driven and classes are conducted in open environment thereby, allowing th e students to connect with the surrounding environment (Tompkins et al., 2014). As commented by Kereluik et al., (2013), globalization is defined as the increased interaction among people in the society thereby, promoting the growth of the society. Globalization is considered as one of the most powerful forces that have helped in transforming the basis of business competition by promoting education. Both globalization and education are closely linked as both plays a significant role in shaping the society. As mentioned by Saavedra and Opfer (2012), education is the key to the cultural, economic and social well-being of the nation that contributes by facilitating the intellectual development of the student along with preparing them for work thereby, leading to globalization by adding to the world's store of knowledge. Globalization has positively and negatively affected the educational system of the country. As commented by Voogt et al., (2013), globalization has promoted the use of technology in daily life that has enhance the lifestyle of the society. One of the major benefits of globalization on education is that it has facilitated the use of technological approaches for learning and teaching. The teachers can use latest technologies such as computers and internets for the teaching and learning process. The use of internet due to globalization has allowed the teachers to teach the students from various reliable sources other than textbooks. This has helped in creating an urge of learning new things within the students. Moreover, globalization has led to a research based approach to studies thereby, allowing the students to take interest in learning new things along with developing their knowledge. However, as argued by Hanna and Latchem (2013), the major drawback of globalization on education i s that the students are often confused with the vast range of information that is available on the internet. The text-books has limited information regarding a topic that the students learn as their coursework but with the wide range of information on the internet, the students are often flustered regarding which one to consider for learning. Therefore, to a certain extent, globalization has influenced education as well as negatively affected the students learning capacity and urge. As commented by Beetham and Sharpe (2013), social change is defined as the significant alteration over a certain period in the cultural values, behavioural pattern and norms of the society and the individuals. The significant alteration in terms of social change suggests changes that yield profound social consequences. Education is considered as a powerful instrument for social change as it helps in changing the thought patterns and behaviours of the younger generation. The social change has influenced education by providing an opportunity for making the educational system more secular. The modern-day educational system is independent of educational institutions and emphasizes on imparting knowledge. However, on the other hand, social change has negatively affected education with respect to the uncertainty provided to the student's life. This is because there are still teachers that prefer the 20th century teaching style that eventually limits the growth of the students and the knowl edge inculcated by them. In this essay, it can be concluded that the 20th century and 21st century teaching learning and teaching style differed largely. The 20th century learning and teaching style limited the urge, enthusiasm, and ability to gain knowledge for the students. On the other hand, the 21st century learning and teaching style encouraged active learning along with providing a certain level of independence to the students thereby, facilitating research-driven approach for education. Globalization and social change has influenced education as well as negatively affected it. References Beetham, H., Sharpe, R. (Eds.). (2013). Rethinking pedagogy for a digital age: Designing for 21st century learning. routledge. Derricott, R. (2014). Citizenship for the 21st century: An international perspective on education. Routledge. Hanna, D., Latchem, C. (2013). Leadership for 21st Century Learning: Global Perspectives from International Experts. Routledge. Kereluik, K., Mishra, P., Fahnoe, C., Terry, L. (2013). What knowledge is of most worth: Teacher knowledge for 21st century learning. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 29(4), 127-140. Kuhlthau, C. C., Maniotes, L. K., Caspari, A. K. (2015). Guided Inquiry: Learning in the 21st Century: Learning in the 21st Century. ABC-CLIO. Saavedra, A. R., Opfer, V. D. (2012). Learning 21st-century skills requires 21st-century teaching. Phi Delta Kappan, 94(2), 8-13. Savickas, M. L. (2012). Life design: A paradigm for career intervention in the 21st century. Journal of Counseling Development, 90(1), 13-19. Tompkins, G., Campbell, R., Green, D., Smith, C. (2014). Literacy for the 21st century. Pearson Australia. Voogt, J., Erstad, O., Dede, C., Mishra, P. (2013). Challenges to learning and schooling in the digital networked world of the 21st century. Journal of computer assisted learning, 29(5), 403-413.